History of the Korean Broadcasting Essays

History of the Korean Broadcasting Essays History of the Korean Broadcasting Paper History of the Korean Broadcasting Paper History of the Korean Broadcasting Early Stage(~1926) The primary telecom of Korea was done by the Bureau of Post of the Chosun Trustee Government in 1924. Around then, the Bureau of Post gained recipient and sender for the exploratory telecom. The main trial broadcasting was fruitful in November 1924 with 750 Kh/50W, and from 1925 on the Bureau of Post Wireless Laboratory communicated 4 times each week. the next year (1926) the Kyungsung Broadcasting Corporation was consolidated as a non-benefit association. Beginning(1927~1944) After a significant stretch of trials the conventional telecom was propelled in February 16, 1927, and the main remote hand-off was presented in June of that year. From 1930 on, with the expansion of intensity Two separate channels, one for Korean and one for Japanese, were introduced. Jungdong Station was improved, and Yonhee Broadcasting Station was improved, and Yonhee Broadcasting Station was assembled. In 1933 the Yonhee Station sent two channels with the direct one in Japanese and the divert two in Korean. The first Kyungsung Broadcasting Corporation changed its name to the Kyungsung Central Broadcasting as a result of the development of the telecom arrange in 1935. In 1937, following two years, with the difference in the recurrence and increment of the force, the subsequent telecom could be observed countrywide by a basic collector. Reshuffling and Reconstruction(1953~1960) Since the Korean freedom and the Japanese acquiescence in the World War II, the subsequent telecom has been changed to the first with Korean language. Following three years, in 1948 with foundation of the new administration of the Republic of Korea, the Kyungsung Central Broadcasting was renamed to the National Broadcasting Corporation and worked under the protection of the Ministry of Information. The Korean War in 1950 tumed the advancement of the Korea Broadcasting System into a disorder. In spite of the wild experienced by the war, Korea turned into a normal individual from the International Frequency Conference, and in 1952 turned into a part nation of the ITU. During these wild periods, the Chungjoo Broadcasting Station, Jeju Broadcasting Station and Namwon Broadcasting Station were recently opened. Growth(1961~1972) The Seoul International Broadcasting Center was set up to advance step by step from the medium product abroad communicating to the short wave. Alongside this. new private telecom organizations grew. In the strict parts. the Christian Broadcasting System(CBS). Universal Gospels Broadcasting(HLKX). furthermore, in the business areas, Busan Cultural Broadcasting(HLKV) were opened. Under the uncommon settlement, the Army Broadcasting, United Nations Army Headquarters Broadcasting(VUNC), American Forces Korean Network(AFKN) were opened hence. During these periods, another Television broadcasting showed up which hallmarked the mechanical advancement showed up which hallmarked the innovative discovery in the telecom history. In 1956 Huang Tai Yong set up a private business TV station(HLKZ-TV) by consolidating business idea with social perspectives, however the HLKZ-TV experienced not long after a money related difficulty and converged into the Daihan Broadcasting System. IN 1957 US Army opened AFKN-TV Transition(1973~1979) The Seoul International Broadcasting Center opened East South Asia Broadcasting in 1962, Vietnamese short wave Broadcasting 1964, German language broadcasting in 1961, Spanish language broadcasting in 1962. At long last the across the nation TV broadcasting has been begun with business promotions. Interim, Dong A Broadcasting(HLKJ), Dongyang Broadcasting(HlKC), TBCtelevision(HLCE), MBC Telvision(HLAC), and FM Station were conceived in these periods. So as to be a piece of Satellite Communication Age, Korea took an interest in universal hand-off through satellite in 1970. An ordinary model is to get the Apollo 13 Moon Expedition through a correspondence satellite for 100 minutes. Transition(1973~1979) With TV in full movement, the open KBS just as the private telecom were in their apex. Generally significant of all, the Korean Broadcasting Corporation was opened in March 3, 1973, and development of another telecom complex was in progress in Youido, and the Complex was finished in March 1976. A recorded telecom was eaten in November first. Abroad short wave broadcasting station was worked in Kimje, and short wave transmission offices were quickly extended. Universally Korea got recurrence band just as circle for the future satellite telecom. This turned into the milestone of satellite correspondence plans for DBS(Direct Broadcasting System). In 1974 Korea turned into a partner individual from European Broadcasting Union(EBU). Maturity(1980~1990) Since 1980, one of the extraordinary change in Korean telecom history was to merge all the telecom organizations under one umbrella. Under the suggestion of the Korean Broadcasting Association, the KBS assumed control over every one of the five private telecom organizations comprising of TBS, DBS, Korea FM, Jonil Broadcasting, and Sohai Broadcasting. The Basic Press Control Act got powerful in 1981, and the Broadcasting Commercial Advertisement Control Act was instituted. Test broadcasting of shading TV has been tried in December 1980, and in 1981 another extra UHF station for the secondary school instructive telecom was taken over to shape the Third Television Station. Another period of multiplex telecom was opened for the multi-sound telecom and the teletext broadcasting. Robotization of transmission and hand-off was likewise cultivated. New communicating organizations in this period were conceived including Seoul Broadcasting System(SBS), Education Broadcasting System(EBS), harmony Broadcasting Company(PBS), Buddhist Broadcasting System(BBS), and Traffics Broadcasting System(TBS) with new FM stations. Future Broadcasting(1991~) It is hard to foresee what sort obviously the future telecom will take, anyway we may envision (1) the more differentiated utilization of the current telecom radiowave and (2) presentation of new media through innovative work. New media in remote framework incorporate AM Stereo Broadcasting, Satellite Broadcasting, and High Definition Television(HDTV), and in the link framework, videotext, video chat, video data correspondence and Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting(ISDB). In satellite telecom, Korea joined INTELSAT in 1967, and ate its first Mugoonghua(Rose of Sharon, the korean national bloom) satellite, and, from July first, 1996, entered household satellite telecom administration. the following stage is obviously the HDTV. Innovations in Korean Broadcasting History Computerized Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) is an advanced radio transmission innovation created in South Korea as a major aspect of the national IT anticipate for sending interactive media, for example, TV, radio and datacasting to cell phones, for example, cell phones. This innovation, now and again known as portable TV, ought not be mistaken for Digital Audio Broadcasting which was created as an exploration venture for the European Union. DMB was initially evolved in South Korea as the cutting edge advanced innovation to supplant the FM radio. The universes first authority versatile TV administration began in South Korea in May 2005, in spite of the fact that preliminaries were accessible a lot prior. It can work by means of satellite (S-DMB) or earthly (T-DMB) transmission. 3D Television (3DTV) A 3D TV (3DTV) is a TV that utilizes methods of 3D introduction, for example, stereoscopic catch, multi-see catch, or 2D-in addition to profundity, and a 3D show †a unique review gadget to extend a TV program into a reasonable three-dimensional field. 3DTVs have been presented in the business sectors by Panasonic, LG and Samsung. Significant Broadcasting Companies in Korea KBS(Korea Broadcasting System_ Korea Broadcasting System is the most established and greatest Broadcasting station in Korea. This open telecom organize is most popular for daily broadcasts and extravagant verifiable dramatizations. KBS is an open association that, by law, gets open financing from the Korean Government yet is autonomously overseen. As referenced on the Korean Constitution, the leader of KBS is prescribed by its top managerial staff to the President of Korea. Ideological groups in Korea reserve the privilege to name individuals from the governing body of KBS. Since the President of South Korea typically has administration over the individuals from the decision party, KBSs president is viewed as assigned by the leader of Korea. This technique has caused stresses of political mediation in KBS administration and has prompted many reasoning that the current arrangement of selecting should be amended. SBS(Seoul Broadcasting Station) Seoul Broadcasting Station (SBS) KRX: 034120 is a national South Korean TV and radio system. It is the main private business supporter with a wide provincial Network to work in the nation. On March 17, 2009, the organization lawfully got known as SBS, changing its corporate name from Seoul Broadcasting Station. ( ). Seoul Broadcasting Station is still generally utilized today. SBS TV transmits on Channel 6 for Analog and Channel 16 for Digital. MBC(Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation) Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) is one of four significant national South Korean TV and radio systems. Munhwa is the Korean word for culture. Its leader earthly TV slot is divert 11 on VHF in Seoul. Twice government-claimed, the system is possessed by the Foundation of Broadcast Culture (which claims 70% of the companys stock), while the Jung-Su Scholarship Foundation possesses 30%. MBC gets no administration endowment, and infers its salary for the most part from business adver

Aristotle Tragic Hero Essay Example

Aristotle Tragic Hero Essay Example Aristotle Tragic Hero Paper Aristotle Tragic Hero Paper Exposition Topic: Entombment Rites Lamentable Heroes Nonetheless, grievous saints have happened more than once throughout the entire existence of writing. Shakespeare had his own image of seething saints like Othello, Romeo, Macbeth and Hamlet. These celebrated Shakespearean characters didn't coordinate the disastrous legends of Sophocles, Aeschylus and Euripides on whose works Aristotle had based his hypothesis yet they are appalling saints none the less. For instance, the deplorable blemish of Hamlet was inaction. Presently we can contend finally whether Aristotle would classes Hamlet as an awful saint on the grounds that something like this was incomprehensible in his time. Deliberately or unknowingly, Milton likewise gave us a lamentable saint In Satan of Paradise Lost. Once more, It might be somewhat difficult to process that a scriptural lowlife can be Interpreted as appalling saint yet such is the excellence of writing. Satan is saint since he has magnificent authority characteristics. His popular exchange, preferable to reign in damnation over to serve in paradise plainly shows his order over himself and the individuals around him. He represents information rather than confidence. His disastrous defect is narcissism; he is a lot in affection with himself to look past. Hence, on the off chance that we put aside the Christian qualities, which obviously didn't exist in Aristotle time, at that point Satan could undoubtedly be a terrible legend. Current journalists have introduced totally basic and standard individuals with no brave elites at all as appalling saints. The most fitting model would be Wily Loan from Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Advance Is a little league specialist, excessively little In height to be a legend In the Aristotelian school yet he battles on to accomplish his American dream. He disregards his own disappointments by Investing Nils no In Nils children achievement Ana In ten Ana Don Nils children regard Ana t American dream dodge him and lead him to self destruction. Throughout the years Aristotle lamentable legend has been deciphered by various creators with extemporizations, varieties and alternate points of view yet every one of them can be followed jack the first portrayal of a grievous saint by Aristotle recorded in Poetics. Attributes of a Tragic Hero 1. Goodness: First and chief the character ought to be acceptable. (Poetics) Humphrey House deciphers the word great as morally great and not as genuine as some different pundits have said. This trait of goodness establishes the very framework of Aristotle idea of heartbreaking legend since it excites the sentiment of compassion or all the more properly feel sorry for the character. An awful keeps an eye on go wrong may summon compassion however feel sorry for is a feeling that is stirred for a character that is inalienably acceptable. Goodness underlined by Aristotle isn't ethical quality, as we comprehend it today. Aristotle wrote in the pre-Christian time and in this way there are no Christian estimations of obedience, modesty, virtuousness, noble cause, etc in goodness. For Aristotle, goodness would be related with boldness, moderation, freedom, tenderness, honesty, invitingness and even cleverness. 3 To represent a post-present day translation of the nature of goodness in an awful legend we can examinations crafted by J. K. Irritating, which is the Harry Potter arrangement. It is basically a dream novel arrangement in seven sections. It is set in present day England and makes an entirely different universe of enchantment inside the domain of existing reality. It makes you wonder if your nearby neighbor whom you generally thought to be peculiar is really a wizard having a place with this mystery otherworldly world. The hero of this novel-arrangement is a teenaged wizard, Harry Potter. He has the inheritance of having pulverized the darkest and most remarkable wizard all things considered, Voltmeter at two years old. Harry loses his folks in this episode and is raised by his maternal aunties family (hesitantly and carelessly). Accordingly, he doesn't have NY information on his mystical status until he gets an owl (letters in the otherworldly world are conveyed by owls) from Hogwashs school of Witchcraft and Wizardry at eleven years old requesting that he Join school. With this, his undertakings in the enchanted world start where he finds his past and makes his future at the same time battling to remain alive. Harry notwithstanding having endure an incredible disaster at an exceptionally youthful age and battling a persistently throughout his life is anything but a shocking saint since he speaks to seek after the supernatural network and along these lines can't bear to fall. Numerous perusers have deciphered the character of Harry Portions (a mysterious subject practically equivalent to science) teacher, Severs Snaps as that of a disastrous legend. Snakes character swings with each book in the arrangement getting terrible to more regrettable. To start with, he is depicted as a villous miscreant Decease nee appears to nylon a mystery resentment against Harry and makes a special effort to make life hard for him at Hogwashs. As the arrangement advances the reason to the resentment is uncovered, it is an acrid relationship Snaps imparted to Harry father when the two were in school together. Snaps has gained notoriety for encouraging Dark enchantment and was at one time an ardent devotee of the famous Voltmeter. The development to Snakes character is to such an extent that until the snapshot of disclosure one doesn't have a clue about his catastrophe, which happened to be his adoration for Harry mother, Lily. In the tussle between Dark expressions and Lily, he picks the previous and loses her eternity. In any case, he keeps on adoring her much after her unfortunate demise coming about because of dim expressions. Her passing turns him around. Behind the blurred of abhorrence, he secures her lone kid Harry lastly sets out his life for him. This arrives in a flashback at the ND of the last novel of the arrangement. For this situation, the change from numbness to information isn't for the character yet from the perusers, which is the specific opposite of what might occur in Classical Greek disaster that Aristotle portrays. Presently it might be contended that Snaps is even more a Byronic saint that a terrible legend which obviously has some level of truth. In what capacity can a character who is as of now fallen be a disastrous saint? Notwithstanding, on the off chance that we look carefully Snakes demise that happens Just after the flashback prompting revelation is a fall and it stimulates a huge impact of pity for IM with respect to perusers in light of the fact that the feeling of pity is bound with the blame of having misconstrued him along. On the off chance that decency in an awful legend isn't self-evident, it is goodness in any case and consequently Snaps is as much a shocking saint as Oedipus. Suitability of Character: Beater deciphers propriety to be nothing at fluctuation with that of the class to which the individual has a place. _3 Lucas goes above and beyond by saying consistent with type. _3 House contends that Aristotle didn't need the artist to make only regular characters. He composes, There is no word in Greek at all comparing to type_3 The pole proper deciphered from Greek generally implies fitting however fitting what or who is not entirely clear. The Aristotelian lamentable saint consistently has a high station in the public arena, so we may accept that the character must fit a place of intensity yet that is too shortsighted a presumption. Aristotle is graphic not prescriptive. He depicts the Greek society he lived in, where a man couldn't transcend the class he was conceived in and ladies were not even residents. In this way when we says that ladies are second rate and slaves are inconsequential regardless of whether they happen to have goodness then he implies that the crowd would not take such a legend with the earnestness because of a lamentable saint. In any case, he doesn't recommend that female deplorable legend can't exist. A similar Sophocles who composed Oedipus Rexes composed a disaster named Antigen, which has a female deplorable legend. Antigen is a piece of the Thebes plays. After Oedipus leaves Thebes, there is a fight for the seat wherein the two children of Oedipus wind up slaughtering one another. Murmur, the brother by marriage of Oedipus become the ruler and requests one of the siblings to be left to spoil on the war zone since he was the assailant. I Nils Is ten most exceedingly terrible Tort Insult to a Greek warrior Ana lupuss gaunter Antigen can't process this shame allotted to her sibling. She is torn between her affection for her family and her dependability to the King. She chooses to give her sibling an internment and is found doing as such. Murmur gives her a capital punishment yet her fortitude and feeling of obligation wins her the compassion of the individuals of Thebes. The awful imperfection of Antigen is her egotism, her assurance to act alone. That is the reason she reprimands help from her sister and sweetheart (Screens child) prompting her self-caused passing. Antigen is a suitable character since she is a womanly lady as Humphrey House puts it. She is wistful, adoring, puts stock in making the best decision and is brave accommodating her illustrious status. Had she been aimlessly aggressive like Lady Macbeth or unfaithful as Cleopatra then Aristotle would have discovered her masculine and hence unseemly. Similarity of Character The third is to make them like (Poetics) The most worthy understanding of this trademark is similarity to unique. Mixer deciphers it, as like THE truth Butcher says, character must be consistent with fife 4 Aristotle doesn't make reference to like what? also, accordingly we are allowed to make our own decisions. Consequently, the most probable importance of like would be looking to some extent like genuine r just credible. Consistency Consistency is a certain quality of any character. A character must have reliable to appear to be genuine or reasonable. Be that as it may, consistency doesn't mean consistency. Aristotle plainly expresses that a character can be reliably conflicting. Consistency can be deciphered as an intelligent example of conduct or constant inclination. For instance, Oedipus of Oedipus Rexes, is a man related with retreats and in this manner we anticipate that him should keep his statement and gouge out his eyes in contrition. It is stunning yet trustworthy. In any case, if a low-lifer like Ago of Othello shows a similar sort of apology then it would be an irregularity. This is on the grounds that there is no pri

Law - Directors Duties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law - Directors Duties - Essay Example With the current accentuation on corporate social duty, customary precedent-based law thoughts must be updated with a codification by the Companies Act Review. The codification of the Companies Act concentrated on 9 principle segments, which characterize the obligations that the chiefs owe to their organizations. The main codification is area 171, which requires the executives to act inside their forces in relationship with the organization. Segment 172 sets out the obligation of the chiefs to advance the achievement of the organization such that benefits the investors of the organization. Segment 173 requires the chiefs to practice autonomous judgment in their activities and choices, while area 174 of the classified variant of the Companies Act requires the executives to practice sensible consideration, expertise and steadiness in activities with respect to the organization. Area 175 requires the chiefs to stay away from irreconcilable circumstance, where the techniques or approving such clashes must be authorized by either board or investor endorsement. Area 176 requires the chiefs not to acknowledge profits by any outsiders, particularly if the advantages could prompt irreconcilable situation with the company’s articles. ... Segment 182 of the Company’s Act additionally obviously sets out the cures accessible to the investors or the organization if an executive penetrates the obligation to the organization. As effectively expressed, the systematized obligations are performed by the executive for the organization, which implies that lone the organization or legal outlet can follow up on the director’s break of obligation. Be that as it may, an investor is additionally ready to bring a subordinate activity against the chief if necessary. From segment 260 of the Company Act 2006, a subsidiary activity is one that can be brought by an invested individual, for the most part investor, against an executive as a solution for penetrate of trustee obligation owed to the organization. Segment 175 of the arranged Companies Act 2006 has created a ton of discussion and enthusiasm from various gatherings (Hannigan, 2009). Under this segment, the chief must maintain a strategic distance from any circumstan ces which can have immediate or circuitous clashes with the enthusiasm of the organization (Companys Act 2009). This area covers with different segments of the Companies Act, for instance, it is as of now necessitated that the executive demonstration to the greatest advantage of the organization, which implies that the wellbeing would not cover with some other interests. Already, the standard on irreconcilable situation required the executive to find a way to alleviate the contention. For instance, the chief would be required to expel himself from board conversations, and in outrageous conditions, expel himself from the board totally (Hannigan, 2009). Be that as it may, the new standard requires the chief to totally dodge territories where the contention o intrigue may emerge, except if the board has earlier notification and approval for the irreconcilable situation. From the codification of this area, it is apparent that there has been a ton of

Marketing Strategies for Real Estate Industry - Free Essay Example

The authors examine whether the Basel capital framework that introduced the ratings-based system for the regulation banks had any profound effect on the link between finance and economic growth. Hassan, Hassan and Kin (2016) review the GDP growth per capita and the rate of international bank lending across 77 countries from 1999 to 2013 to get their results. The results revealed that ever since the Basel 2 capital regulations were implemented, the weight of risk associated with sovereign credit rating systems have had a significant effect on economic growth in both the lending and recipient states. Hassan, Hassan and Kin (2016) also found evidence that indicates the tendency of multinational banks to increase overseas lending to sovereign investments due to the lower risks, has contributed to reduced economic growth in the beneficiary nations. Nonetheless, the negative effects of the Basel regulations are negated due to the presence of open financial markets that have more advanced banking systems. Hassan, Hassan and Kin (2016) conclude that the results mentioned above will have apparent effects for the upcoming Basel 3 regulations that are being implemented progressively across the globe. The Basel 3 rules will usher in a capital ratio that reduces risk of investment; it will be an important benchmark for financial markets in the future. Due to this and the increasingly narrow definition of regulatory capital, the association between the lending decisions that banks make and risk weight transforms. Ultimately, the association between finance and economic growth will become more prominent. Since the researchers establish the link between the ratings-based regulation and credit allocation by multinational banks, future studies should focus on the impact of ratings-based regulation on distribution of income. Venkateshwara and Hanumantha (2012) analyze the role of credit rating services in the Indian financial sector by evaluating how the sector helps in the evaluation of risk and return on investments. They place their focus on new and existing Indian companies which have sourced their financing from the capital markets from 2000-2010. The authors note that the competition among corporations for investors has increased rapidly. This has been facilitated by the rise credit rating businesses which have helped to reduce the gap of knowledge that existed between lenders and investors, on one hand, and issuers, on the other hand, regarding the creditworthiness of countries and companies. Venkateshwara and Hanumantha (2012) also note that the credit rating sector in India is very significant since it is the platform that facilitates economic growth due to three factors. These include; increased circulation of money in the Indian market; reduced dependency on the cooperate bond market, and impl ementation of the Basel 2 regulations. On top of this, they note that credit rating is important for the development of financial markets. The increased circulation of money in the market is brought about by capital investments that have been enabled by debt. Due to better access to debt services, the dependency on the cooperate bond market is reduced. The authors conclude that an investment grade rating can enhance the reputation of a country, company or security on a global scale, hence, attracting foreign investments and boosting the economy of any given nation. Such ratings are especially important for emerging economies since it shows their worthiness of receiving foreign investments. In this regard, future research should focus on how ratings enable efficient financial markets. Becker and Milbourn (2011) analyze how the entry of a new player (Fitch) in the credit rating business, has affected the credit system as a whole since it has been dominated by two firms (SP and Moodys) ever since its inception. The authors empirically analyzed how the entry Fitch to the industry has affected the credit system in developed states. Becker and Milbourn (2011) conclude that the enhanced competition brought by the entry of Fitch has coincided with reduced quality ratings from officials. The level of ratings increased while the effect of ratings on the financial markets decreased. Further, the ability of ratings to forecast rate of defaults decreased. Such observations bring into question the decision of liberate the credit rating industry. The researchers conclude that the negative association between quality and competition is statistical and cannot be explained by the concept of reverse causality. Furthermore, its unlikely that the shopping for rates or its growth can explain the negative patterns. The economic effect of increased competition in the credit ratings industry has a significant economic impact. For instance, a single standard deviation increase in the market share of Fitch is forecasted to enhance the average bond and firm rating. Therefore, the entry of a new player in the credit ratings market will reduce the quality of ratings and this will negatively affect economic growth. Becker and Milbourns (2011) research is very significant for policy makers and regulators since the increased competition in the industry introduces the risk of running the reputation of quality ratings. Future research should be centered on the exit effect of a credit rating firm on the quality of the credit rating system. Fakultet u Rijeci, E (2012) centers his research on the inability of credit rating systems to perform their primary goal, that is, forecasting, and how this has enhanced the financial crisis being experienced in the European Union due to real state. The author derives his empirical evidence by focusing on the three global credit agencies, Moodys Investors Service, Standard Poors, and Fitch Ratings and their influence on the escalation of the Eurozone financial crisis. Fakultet u Rijeci, (2012) asserts that the Asian, Latin and Russian economic crises that have been experienced in past two decades, as well as the economic meltdown of 2007, have been as a result of the failings of rating agencies to predict the ability of debtors to repay private and public debt within the required time period. Hence, the functionality and existence of rating agencies is in doubt since many evaluations have exposed significant deficiencies in the credit ratings of individual nations. Fakultet u Rijeci, (2012) concludes that this deficiency is brought about by emphasis on subjective aspects when handing out ratings. Furthermore, rating agencies are usually late when it comes to reduction of ratings and they tend to ignore the various macroeconomic indicators. Fakultet u Rijeci also believes that rating agencies reduce ratings out of panic, rather than taking the role of calming the financial markets through proper forecasting of economic shifts. The solution to the failing credit rating agencies seems to lie with public bodies that would examine credit ratings. These state agencies would be organizationally and financially autonomous from the stakeholders and publish a comprehensive system for awarding credit ratings. Future studies should focus on the effect of leaving the role of credit rating to public bodies so as to examine if this solution is viable. Matthies (2013) examines the credit rating system and its effect on global financial systems. He does this by analyzing current and past empirical studies on corporate credit ratings and their association with the ratings of other agencies. In particular, he examines three aspects; the link between credit ratings and default of payments, the effect of credit ratings on capital markets, and the factors of credit ratings and their changes. The results of the study illustrate the general character of the rating system, Matthies (2013) states that the differences in rating categories do not correlate to the same differences in the probability of default. Consequently, this means that rating changes and market reactions have an asymmetrical relationship. In particular, markets react better to rating downgrades than to rating upgrades, even when the default probability is considered. Such differences are a result of two factors. Firstly, it is as a result of the method through which rating agencies operate or certain characteristics of the market. Secondly, it might be as a result of behavior of companies and how they release the required data. Through his research Matthies establishes the discrepancies that exist between rating agencies. Even though these agencies are supposed to utilize a universal system, they offer vastly differently results when rating a particular country or company; these discrepancies have gotten worse ever since the global financial meltdown of 2007.These agencies play a crucial role for any given economy, but continually fail to offer an accurate reflection of the financial climate. In order to improve future prediction, the causes of these failures should be analyzed. As such, future research should focus on the factors that cause failure of the credit rating system. The Background of Procurement and Commissioning Public procurement is the procedure whereby governmental agencies purchase services and goods from third parties. It compromises most that reinforce the work of the government and varies from conventional items like furniture, stationery, IT services, or printed forms, to multifaceted sectors, such as funding projects, construction, manufacture of arms or reinforcement to significant change projects. It also includes an increasing spend whereby the third and private sectors facilitate critical services directly to the public in domains like social care, tertiary education, health, and welfare-to-work. The public sector may offer such services directly, and in some scenarios, even this public supply can be executed using procurement mechanisms. A governmental agency may compete with private sector companies in bidding for government work using a formal competitive process. Commissioning is a term that means discrete things to different people. Organizations usually develop their varieties of commissioning, and there does not exist a universal definition. Many at times, commissioning is confused with procurement, which centers on ensuring delivery of service rather than its plan. There is also a primary assumption that commissioning has to include a market-based approach to the provision of services. Government agencies typically describe their commissioning strategies when referring to a procurement policy. The confusion does not end there since some individuals within organizations handed the title of commissioner are procurement experts, whereas others work almost discreetly from procurement experts . Commissioning does not have to include any purchase activity. Persisting with in-house delivery of a service may be an official decision of a commissioning body, similar to funding a VCS organization through grants. On that account, the simplest defin ition of commissioning is making optimal use of resources that are available to develop the best outcomes for citizens. The simplicity of this definition hides the complexity that surrounds the activities that enable things to happen. Technological advances are one of the core reasons globalization has rapidly increased in the past decade. More specifically, technological innovations in information and communication have the world to seem smaller and facilitated the escalation of globalization. In my local area, technological developments in information and communication have changed the way of life at work, home, school and at leisure. The internet, in particular, has had the most significant impact in our lives. In the education sector, students are now able to access books and learning materials that were not available previously. As a result, the academic performance of schools has greatly increased in the past decade. Through the internet, citizens have been able to access developmental stories from tall over the world and thus have been able to gauge local development with that of other regions. Following this, they are able to challenge local leaders through social media so that they engage in developmental matters. As a result, my locality has seen an increased number of schools, roads and hospitals that have been built to world class standards. The technological flow in my local configuration has been largely been shaped by economic forces. Economic development has improved the living standards thus people are able to have disposable income which they can spend on technological devices. Through devices such as mobile phones and computers, locals are able to access the internet and become part of the globalization process. References: Appadurai, Arjun. The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Condition. Verso Books, 2013. Print. Becker, Bo, and Milbourn, Todd. How did increased competition affect credit ratings?Journal of Financial Economics 101.3: 493-514. 2011. Fakultet u Rijeci, E. Credit Rating Agencies and Their Impact On Spreading the Financial Crisis On the Eurozone. EKON. MISAO PRAKSA DBK. GOD XXI. 639-661.2012 Hasan, I., Wu, E., Hassan, G., Kim, S. J. The Real Impact of Basel Ratings-Based Capital Rules on the Finance-Growth Nexus.SSRN 2737912. 2016 Matthies, Alexander B. Empirical Research on Corporate Credit-Ratings: A Literature Review. No. SFB649DP2013-003. Sonderforschungsbereich. 649. 2013 Martin, Tonya. (2011). 2011 Best Practices. Professional Retail Store Maintenance Association Venkateshwara Kumar, K. S., Hanumantha Rao, S. Credit Rating Role in Modern Financial System.International Journal of Marketing, Financial Service and Management, 1(8), 135. 2012

Famous Quotes About Money

As the song from 1966 hit musical Cabaret says, Money makes the world go round. Its no wonder there are so many songs, poems, and musings about money and its impact, good or bad. It affects our daily lives like few other things.  Everyone from philosophers (who typically have no money) to politicians (who know where all the money is hidden) has an opinion about money. Benjamin Franklin The man whose face appears on the American $100 bill had a lot to say about money.  Benjamin Franklin, one of Americas founding fathers, was a strong advocate for paper currency for the American colonies. His 1729 treatise  A Modest Enquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency† became something of a blueprint for establishing a separate American economy. Here are a few of Franklins financial reflections: A man  may  if he knows not how to save as he gets, keep his nose to the grindstone. Remember that time is money. He that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing. He that is of the opinion money will do everything may well be suspected of doing everything for money. If you would be wealthy, think of saving as well as getting. Movies and Plays Love may conquer all, but many a plot has been driven by a characters need for money; whether trying  to get it, keep it or lose it.   Gordon Gekko from Wall Street: Greed,  for lack of a better word, is good. Tony Montana from Scarface: In this country, you gotta make the money first. Then when you get the money, you get the power. Then when you get the power, then you get the women. Tennessee Williams in Cat On a Hot Tin Roof: You can be young without money but you cant be old without it. Comedians, Writers, and Philosophers Some people believe you cant be happy without money, some think you cant be happy with it. But its a ripe source of material for anyone with a sense of humor or a sense of irony.   George Bernard Shaw: The more I see of the moneyed classes, the more I understand the guillotine. Henny Youngman: Whats the use of happiness? It cant buy you money. Oscar Wilde: When I was young I used to think that money was the most important thing in life. Now that I am old, I know it is. Dorothy Parker: Money cannot buy health, but Id settle for a diamond-studded wheelchair. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Can anybody remember when the times were not hard and money not scarce? Cicero: Endless money forms the sinews of war. Groucho Marx: It frees you from doing things you dislike. Since I dislike doing nearly everything, money is handy.

How Consumer Protection Is Important And Important Today...

Consumer protection is arguably important and needed in today’s modern world. With technology advancing every day, social issues are becoming more and more relevant. When primitive forms of advertising were being developed at the turn of the century, many did not think in terms of social responsibilities and preventing deceptive business practices, but in today’s changing world, the concern of ethics in advertising is becoming increasingly imperative. Advertising ethics encompasses a variety of areas, including product safety, protecting vulnerable parts of the population, corporate social responsibility and exercising truth in advertising practices. In addition, The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) were established to administer pursuing violations and implement consumer protection laws to ensure that businesses have a code of ethics to safeguard consumers. We have witnessed many scenarios when companies have chosen not to employ ethical advertising practices and the aftermath that surrounds that decision, whether it is questionable marketing to children or exaggerating the effects of a product. Advertising ethics, or the lack of it, arguably walks a thin line between being ethical and being questionable. Establishing a set of self-regulating moral principles has demonstrated the need for corporate social responsibility in advertising. Without ethical codes in place, many parts of the population are vulnerable. With theShow MoreRelatedThe Future of Business1145 Words   |  5 Pagesexplain in detail the factor that was chosen and provide an example. New marketing techniques Green marketing is very important as the problems of environmental protection are essential for all countries all over the world nowadays. The recent researches give us evidences that anxiety concerning nature pollution is increasing. 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Anointing of the Sick Sacrament Essay Example For Students

Anointing of the Sick Sacrament Essay The Catholic Church sees the effects of the sacrament as follows: As the sacrament of Marriage gives grace for the married province. the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick gives grace for the province into which people enter through illness. Through the sacrament a gift of the Holy Spirit is given. that renews assurance and religion in God and strengthens against enticements to discouragement. desperation and torment at the idea of decease and the battle of decease ; it prevents the truster from losing Christian hope in God’s justness. truth and redemption. Because one of the effects of the sacrament is to shrive the receiver of any wickednesss non antecedently absolved through the sacrament of repentance. merely an ordained priest or bishop may administrate the sacrament. â€Å"The particular grace of the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick has as its effects: the amalgamation of the ill individual to the passion of Christ. for his ain good and that of the whole Church ; the strengthening. peace. and bravery to digest in a Christian mode the agonies of unwellness or old age ; the forgiveness of wickednesss. if the ill individual was non able to obtain it through the sacrament of repentance ; the Restoration of wellness. if it is contributing to the redemption of his psyche ; the readying for go throughing over to ageless life. â€Å" An extended history of the instruction of the Roman Catholic Church on Anointing of the Sick is given in Catechism of the Roman Catholic Church. 1499–1532. Biblical References The main Biblical text refering anointment of the sick is James 5:14–15: â€Å"Are any among you sick? They should name for the seniors of the Church and have them pray over them. anointing them with oil in the name of the Lord. And their supplication offered in religion will mend the sick. and the Lord will do them good. And if they have committed wickednesss. these will be forgiven. Matthew 10:8. Luke 10:8–9 and Mark 6:13 are besides quoted in this respect. Name callings for the sacrament In the yesteryear. the official name of the sacrament in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church was Extreme Unction ( intending. Final Anointing ) . a name attached to it when it was administered. as one of the â€Å"Last Rites† . merely to people in immediate danger of decease. Peter Lombard ( died 1160 ) is the first author known to hold used the term. which did non go the usual name in the West boulder clay towards the terminal of the 12th century. and neer became current in the East. 11 ] The word â€Å"extreme† ( concluding ) indicated either that it was the last of the sacramental smarms ( after the anointments at Baptism. Confirmation and. if received. Holy Orders ) or because at that clip it was usually administered merely when a patient was in extremis. In the early 1970s the functionary name was changed to Anointing of the Sick to reflect the restored antediluvian Christian subject whereby the sacrament is to be conferred on those who are â€Å"dangerously ill† . 12 ] â€Å"Extreme Unction† continues in popular usage among those who prefer to maintain the nomenclature that was customary before the Second Vatican Council ( see Traditionalist Catholic ) . The sacrament has besides been known by assorted other names in the Latin Rite throughout the old ages. including: â€Å"the holy oil or smarm of the sick ; the smarm or approval of dedicated oil ; the smarm of God ; the office of the smarm. In the Eastern Church it is technically known as euchelaion ( i. e. prayer-oil ) ; but other names such as elaion hagion ( holy ) . or hegismenon ( consecrated ) . elaion or â€Å"olia† . elaiou Chrisis. chrisma. etc. are still common. .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c , .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .postImageUrl , .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c , .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c:hover , .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c:visited , .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c:active { border:0!important; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c:active , .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0cd87377f5d9efdff647e20f40288d6c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Euripides Medea EssayAdministration In the Roman Catholic Code of Canon Law. Canon 1004 indicates compactly who may have the sacrament: â€Å"The anointment of the sick can be administered to any member of the faithful who. holding reached the usage of ground. begins to be in danger by ground of unwellness or old age. † When new unwellness develops or first unwellness backslidings or worsens. the patient may have the sacrament a farther clip. Anointing of the Sick may besides be given legion times in the instance of old age or chronic unwellness based on the â€Å"pastoral judgement of the priest† . 13 ] The sacrament of anointing can be administered to an si ngle whether at place. in a infirmary or establishment. or in church. Several ill individuals may be anointed within the rite. particularly if the jubilation takes topographic point in a church or infirmary. The jubilation may besides take topographic point during a Catholic Mass. Relationship with the â€Å"Last Rites† Anointing of the Sick is closely associated with. and frequently administered during the rites known as the Last Rites. However. the term â€Å"Last Rites† is non tantamount to â€Å"Anointing of the Sick† . since it refers besides to two ther distinguishable rites: Sacrament of Penance and Eucharist. the last of which is known as â€Å"Viaticum† ( Latin: †provision for the journey† ) when administered to the death. The normal order of disposal of the rites is: first Penance ( if the deceasing individual is physically unable to squeal. absolution is given conditionally on the being of attrition ) . so Anointing. so Viaticum. Of the Last Rites. merely a priest or bishop can administrate the Sacraments of Penance and Anointing of the Sick. In the absence of a priest these sacraments can non be administered. but a laic individual may give a deceasing individual Holy Communion. which in this instance is â€Å"Viaticum. the Last Sacrament of the Christian† . Established organize The oil used in the sacrament is normally olive oil. though other vegetable oil may besides be used ( Catechism of the Roman Catholic Church. 1513 ) . It is blessed by the bishop of the bishopric at the Chrism Mass he celebrates on Holy Thursday or on a twenty-four hours near to it. In instance of necessity. the priest administrating the sacrament may bless the oil within the model of the jubilation ( Code of Canon Law. canon 999 ) . In the Roman Catholic Church of the Catholic Church. the priest anoints the ill person’s brow with oil ( normally in the signifier of a cross ) . stating: â€Å"Through this sanctum anointing. may the Lord in his love and clemency aid you with the grace of the Holy Spirit. † He so anoints the custodies. stating. â€Å"May the Lord who frees you from wickedness save you and raise you up. † He may besides. in conformity with local civilization and traditions. and the demands of the ill individual. anoint other parts of the organic structure. but without reiterating the sacramental expression. This is the signifier established for the Roman Rite through the apostolic papers Sacram unctionem infirmorum of 1972. The signifier used in the Roman Rite in the preceding period included anointment of seven parts of the organic structure ( though that of the pubess was by and large omitted in English-speaking states ) . while stating ( in Latin ) : â€Å"Through this holy anointment. may the Lord forgiveness you whatever sins/faults you have committed by†¦ † The sense in inquiry was so mentioned: sight. hearing. odor. gustatory sensation. touch. walking. animal delight. Numerous other Holy Eucharists exist.